On the question of the internal frame.

This paper attempts to expand José Bleger's classic, metapsychological descriptions of the psychoanalytic frame to formulate and emphasize the role of the analyst's internal frame in establishing a psychoanalytic observational perspective in the analytic situation. The rationale for doing so follows from clinical necessity, especially when working with patients and psychic organizations that are 'beyond neurosis' and in non-traditional settings such as distance and telemetric analyses. Clinically speaking, in its most effective state, the analyst's internal frame can inform the possibility of an observational vertex aimed at the intuitive grasp of psychic reality rather than a sense-based, empirical observation of parameters denoted by the elements of a consensually validatable social reality.

"The Ego and the Id": How and why Freud transformed his model of the mind.

This paper argues that, despite its title, "The Ego and the Id" can be seen as the book of the superego, and although it is a metapsychological work, Freud's introduction of the new conceptual tools provided by the structural model was a response to the clinical problems he faced. The implications of Freud's introduction of the superego for the analytic relationship are discussed, with an attempt to deepen our understanding of what he had in mind by reading "Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego" alongside "The Ego and the Id". Finally, the paper draws on Bion to consider the implications of this remodelling of the analytic scene for listening and interpretation.

Ferenczi's variations on the death drive.

This theoretical paper discusses three variations on the death drive, developed by Sándor Ferenczi. We present a brief history of the use of the term death drive among the first psychoanalysts and argue that, as early as 1913, the notion is used by Ferenczi and serves as a conceptual background for his thinking. During the 1920s, Ferenczi revisits part of this concept, focusing on what he identifies as a primacy of self-destruction. The destructive drive gains an adaptive character responsible for the mortification of parts of the individual, in exchange for the survival of the whole. In this variation, the tendency to regress also arises as the self-destruction drive and the acceptance of unpleasure involves a psychic "reckoning-machine." In the final variation, left unfinished, the death drive at times receives new names, like drive for "conciliation," and at others, the very idea of the death drive is criticized.

A Metapsychology of the Unrepresented.

The terms unrepresented and unrepresented states are increasingly being referred to in psychoanalytic discourse, without our having established a generally agreed upon consensus about their definition, use or meaning. While these particular designations were never used by Freud, a careful reading of his work reveals them to be qualities that characterize the initial state of both the drive and perception. This paper attempts to place these terms in a clinically useful, metapsychological perspective by reviewing their conceptual origin in Freud and examining their elaboration and clinical relevance in the work of Bion, Winnicott, and Green. These concepts should prove especially useful for understanding and addressing problems presented by non-neurotic patients and psychic organizations and will help expand the reach and efficacy of psychoanalytic understanding and technique to increasing numbers of contemporary patients.

Running away from phonological ambiguity, we stumble upon our words: Laboratory induced slips show differences between highly and lowly defensive people.

Introduction: Freud proposed that slips of the tongue, including apparently simple ones, always have a sense and constitute « a half-success and a half-failure ¼ compromise resulting from defensive mechanisms. Material and methods: A total of 55 subjects participated in a French adaptation of the Spoonerisms of Laboratory Induced Predisposition or SLIP-technique including 32 "neutral" and 32 taboo spoonerisms and measures of defensiveness. In accordance with a psychoanalytical and empirically supported distinction, we considered two kinds of defenses: elaborative or primary process and inhibitory or secondary process defenses, which were operationalized with the GeoCat and the Phonological-Nothing (PN) WordList, respectively. The GeoCat is a validated measure of primary process mentation and the PN WordList was shown to measure the defensive avoidance of language ambiguity. Results: Participants produced 37 slips, with no significant difference in the number of "neutral" and taboo slips. The GeoCat and the N/PN parameters explained 30% of the variance in the production of parapraxes, confirming the defensive logics of slips. When dividing the population into lowly and highly defensive participants (with the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability scale), primary process mentation appears as a baseline default defense, but only highly defensive participants mobilize an additional inhibitory secondary process type of defense. Taking into account the a priori difference between taboo and "neutral" parapraxes, highly defensive participants made 2.7 times more taboo parapraxes than lowly defensive participants. However, if "neutral" parapraxes in both subgroups followed the same logic as the total group of parapraxes (significant contribution of primary process mentation in lowly defensives and of primary and secondary process mentation in highly defensives), these measures had no contribution to explain the occurrence of taboo parapraxes. Conclusion: We propose that Motley et al.'s prearticulatory editor, ensuring the censorship over taboo parapraxes, is an external instance of inhibition, proximal to uttering, equivalent to the censorship between the systems Preconscious and Conscious in Freud's metapsychology. By contrast, the defenses measured in this research are internal, intimate control systems, probing for the censorship between the systems Unconscious and Preconscious, this is, for repression. This study contributes to support a psychodynamic explanatory model for the production of parapraxes.

To and Fro Between Eros and Thanatos: What Where and the Death Drive.

This paper tries to read What Where as Beckett's realistic and pessimistic presentation of the ontological conditions of the human history, which the play defines as investigation, exploitation and quest for the ultimate truth. Its analysis finds that this presentation has important threads in common with the criticism of civilization in the later Freud's metapsychology, which formulated "an all-embracing, grand theory of the psyche" in terms of the development of the individual as well as the evolution of the entire species on the basis of the maxim that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" What Where enacts this Freudian vision in theatrical terms as its theater version foregrounds the phylogenetic scale with the physical subjections happening among the characters and its television version the interior depth of the mind with the maneuvering of the television images. Another important commonality is that the character Bam is presented as a figure pertaining to Freud's concept of the death drive. The resulting theatrical picture is a sobering and realistic testimony to the individual and collective human existence that has always survived on questionings about, exploitation of and quest for a different object. This strikes a chord with how Beckett's characters embody his poetics of 'senility,' and leads to the political implications of freedom without hope or meaning, which is the infinite task of Beckett's senile characters.

A clivagem e seus embargos na adicção sexual / The splitting and its embargoes on sexual addiction

RESUMO: Categoria notável no panorama dos casos fronteiriços, a adicção sexual é uma configuração psicopatológica em que o ato sexual adquire teor irrefreável e nocivo, a despeito da compreensão intelectual e possíveis racionalizações do sex-addict sobre o problema. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a primazia do mecanismo de defesa da clivagem no engendramento da adicção sexual, a partir de uma revisão metapsicológica e da apresentação de duas vinhetas clínicas. Destaca-se o caráter pseudo-reparador da atividade sexual que, sem êxito, visaria suturar fendas no sistema de um ego clivado, estagnado em suas capacidades integrativas e eróticas.

Abstract: A notable category in the panorama of borderline cases, sexual addiction is a psychopathological condition in which the sexual act acquires an irrepressible and harmful content, despite the sex addict's intellectual understanding and possible rationalizations about the problem. This article aims to investigate the primacy of the splitting defense mechanism in the engendering of sexual addiction, based on a metapsychological review and the presentation of two clinical vignettes. The pseudo-repair character of sexual activity stands out, which, without success, would aim to mend the cracks in the system of a split ego, hindered in its integrative and erotic capacities.

A metodologia topológica freudiana: elementos introdutórios / The freudian topological methodology: introductory elements / La méthodologie topologique freudienne: éléments préliminaires

Pretende-se evidenciar uma questão que tem sido pouco explorada: a existência de uma lógica dos lugares na obra freudiana, a que seria possível chamar de metodologia topológica freudiana. Espera-se contribuir com a exposição dos elementos introdutórios à compreensão das raízes, da constituição e dos desdobramentos do emprego de tal metodologia por Freud. Adota-se, para tanto, o seguinte encaminhamento: o discernimento da noção de invariante como categoria topológica e sua presença no percurso freudiano, o entrelaçamento dos invariantes com a metapsicologia freudiana, bem como a sua concepção psicopatológica, e, destas, com a sexualidade. Depreende-se que o discernimento de tais elementos é fundamental tanto para a compreensão do recurso singular à topologia por Lacan, como para o entrecruzamento entre a experiência psicanalítica, sua formalização teórica e sua transmissão

It is intended to highlight an underexplored issue: the existence of a logic of locations in Freud's work, which could be called Freudian topological methodology. It is expected to contribute with the exposition of introductory elements to the understanding of the roots, constitution and consequences of the use of such methodology by Freud. For this purpose, the following procedure is adopted: the discernment of the notion of invariant as a topological category and its presence in the Freudian path, the interweaving of the invariants with Freudian metapsychology and its psychopathological conception, and, of these, with sexuality. It appears that the discernment of such elements is fundamental both for understanding Lacan's unique resource to topology, and for the intercrossing between the psychoanalytic experience, its theoretical formalization and its transmission

On cherche à mettre en évidence une question qui a été peu étudiée : l'existence d'une logique des lieux dans l'œuvre freudienne, que l'on pourrait appeler la méthodologie topologique freudienne. En exposant ces éléments préliminaires, on espère contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des racines de cette méthodologie, de ses implications et de la manière dont Freud l'a utilisée. À cet effet, on adopte le cheminement suivant : le discernement de la notion d'invariant comme catégorie topologique et sa présence dans le parcours freudien, l'entrelacement des invariants avec la métapsychologie freudienne et sa conception psychopathologique, et de ces premiers et ces dernières avec la sexualité. Il en ressort que le fait de discerner ces éléments est fondamental, aussi bien pour la compréhension de la manière singulière dont Lacan a eu recours à cette topologie, que pour l'entrecroisement de l'expérience psychanalytique, de sa formalisation théorique et de sa transmission

Por que precisamos diferenciar a pulsão de apoderamento da pulsão de morte? / Why do we differentiate the instinct to master from the death drive? / Pourquoi différencier la pulsion d'emprise de la pulsion de mort? / ¿Por qué necesitamos diferenciar la pulsión de empoderamiento de la pulsión de muerte?

O artigo consiste em um resgate tradutório-conceitual das diferenças entre a pulsão de apoderamento e os aspectos da pulsão de morte. Para sustentar a proposta, apoiamo-nos em Sigmund Freud e no ensino de Jacques Lacan. Considerando que o termo usado por Freud, Bemächtigungstrieb, foi traduzido nas formas de pulsão de dominação e pulsão de apoderamento, defendemos que a segunda possibilidade de tradução permite conceituá-la originariamente, designando a força para apoderar-se do mundo, operacionalizada pelo aparelho muscular. Assim, localizamos sua ação participativa na organização constitutiva do sujeito, sublinhando sua especificidade no terceiro tempo da pulsão, chamada aqui de apassivada. A retomada expõe a distinção da pulsão de morte da ideia de dominação, explorando a natureza do apoderar-se, reabrindo o campo epistemológico.

This article develops a translation-conceptual resumption of the differences between the instinct to master and aspects of the death drive, based on Sigmund Freud and teachings by Jacques Lacan. Since Bemächtigungstrieb, term used by Freud, was translated both as "pulsão de dominação" and "pulsão de apoderamento" in Portuguese, the texts argues that the latter translation allows us to conceptualize it as originally intended, as a force to master the world, operationalized by the muscular apparatus. Thus, we point out its participatory action in the constitutive organization of the subject, underlining its specificity in the third time of the drive, called here passivation. This resumption reveals the distinction between the death drive and the idea of mastery, exploring the nature of taking possession, reopening the epistemological field.

Cet article développe une reprise conceptuelle des différences entre la pulsion d'emprise et la pulsion de mort, en s'appuyant sur Freud et les enseignements de Lacan. Puisque Bemächtigungstrieb, terme utilisé par Freud, a été traduit à la fois par "pulsão de dominação" et "pulsão de apoderamento" en portugais, nous soutenons que cette dernière traduction nous permet de la conceptualiser tel qu'elle était prévue à l'origine, comme une force de maîtrise du monde, opérationnalisée par l'appareil musculaire. Ainsi, on signale son action participative dans l'organisation constitutive du sujet, en soulignant sa singularité dans le tiers temps de la pulsion, appelé ici passivation. Cette reprise révèle la distinction entre la pulsion de mort et l'idée de domination, explorant la nature du "se saisir", rouvrant le champ épistémologique.

Este artículo realiza un rescate de traducción-concepto de las diferencias entre la pulsión de empoderamiento y los aspectos de la pulsión de muerte. Para sostener la propuesta, utilizamos los aportes de Freud y de Jacques Lacan. Considerando que el término Bemächtigungstrieb utilizado por Freud fue traducido como "pulsión de dominio" y "pulsión de empoderamiento", argumentamos que esta segunda posibilidad de traducción permite conceptualizar el término originalmente como una fuerza para apoderarse del mundo, puesta en práctica por el aparato muscular. Así su acción participativa se sitúa en la organización constitutiva del sujeto, subrayando su especificidad en el tercer tiempo de la pulsión llamado aquí pasivación. La reanudación apunta a la distinción entre la pulsión de muerte y la idea de dominio, y explora la naturaleza de la toma de posesión reabriendo su campo epistemológico.

Autoimmunity and its expression in the analytic situation: A contemporary reflection on our inherent self-destructiveness.

This article explores the psychical expression of autoimmunity in the analytic situation; it is informed by biological theories of autoimmunity in contemporary immunology. Several of my patients developed autoimmune conditions in the course of their analyses, leading me to consider the role of psychical change in disrupting one's somatopsychic equilibrium. In the psychoanalytic literature, autoimmunity is used metaphorically for attack against what is foreign or unwanted in ourselves. Contemporary immunology, however, suggests a somewhat different metaphor. "Self-reactive" cells present in the body may attack self unless suppressed by inhibitory mechanisms. Biologically, limited self-destructiveness is necessary, but in autoimmune disease it becomes excessive and pathological. I suggest that the presence of biological "self-reactivity" implies an inherent self-destructiveness in line with Freud's thinking on the death instinct; the notion that this self-destructiveness also has adaptive aspects may contribute to our understanding of Freud's ideas. In three vignettes I illustrate clinical application of a modified metaphor of autoimmunity, finding that not only is the fusion of life and death instincts important for psychic development, but so is defusion when contained within the analytic relationship. The analytic task is to restore the balance between constructive and pathological self-destructiveness. Implications regarding controversies in psychosomatic theory are briefly considered.

Analytic Work: The Essential and the Accidental in Psychoanalysis.

This article explores what is essential to analytic work by drawing not only on Freud, but also on two additional sources: Friedman's (2019) notion of the psychoanalytic phenomenon as described in Freud's book on technique; and Weber's (1991, 2000) understanding of Freud's metapsychology as a creation of terms that are necessary in order to work with a non-observable object, the unconscious. Using Freud's emphasis on the importance of dreams as a form of thinking, the author links the work of Friedman and Weber and extends it in doing a close reading of a specific passage by Freud, showing that the precarious nature of metapsychology is understandable as a form of paradigmatic logic. A dream of the author's gives a certain counterpoint to the paper.

Religiosidade e Política na Sociedade Brasileira Secularizada: Uma Leitura Psicanalítica / Religiosity and Politics in the Brazilian Secularized Society: A Psychoanalytic Reading / Religiosidad y Política en la Sociedad Brasileña Secularizada: Una Lectura Psicoanalítica

A interface entre o envolvimento religioso e o espaço político na sociedade, possuindo um longo antecedente de relações, vem ganhando destaque em suas manifestações na conjuntura contemporânea. No presente artigo, buscaremos investigar, através de uma pesquisa teórica, como as novas formas de envolvimento religioso, em suas configurações seculares, podem ter derivado, também, novos caminhos na relação entre religião e política. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento, ocupar-nos-emos em expor as formulações freudianas a respeito das motivações que levam o sujeito ao encontro da religião. Também apresentaremos as reformulações presentes na obra de Lacan a respeito do tema, assim como contribuições de outros pensadores, buscando focalizar os pontos onde os autores analisam interseções entre religião e discurso político. Posteriormente, retomaremos algumas considerações históricas sobre a relação entre religião e política no Brasil, encaminhando a discussão para a forma como tal questão se situa na contemporaneidade. Por fim, proporemos uma análise, articulada aos conceitos psicanalíticos expostos, do papel da secularização na conjuntura exposta, tomando como exemplo paradigmático a teologia da prosperidade. Nesse sentido, visamos a apontar como certos paradigmas da secularização possivelmente reorganizaram pontos norteadores das relações estabelecidas entre religião e política no contemporâneo brasileiro.

The interface between religious involvement and political space in our society, considering its long historical relationship, has been gaining attention as a matter of debate in our contemporaneity. In the present article, through theoretical research, we seek to investigate how the new contours of religious involvement within the process of secularization might have also unfolded new forms of relationship between politics and religion. In order to do so, we will first introduce Freud's conception of the motivations that lead to religious involvement. We will also present the reformulations in Lacan's work on the subject, as well as other authors' contributions, trying to focus on the point where both political and religious discourse meet. Next, we will review some historical background on Brazilian religion and politics relation and how this debate is set on the contemporaneity. Finally, we will propose a reflection, with the conceptual system of psychoanalysis, on the secularization process' influence in the social conjecture exposed, using as a paradigmatic example the Prosperity Theology. In this sense, we aim to point out how some aspects of secularization could possibly provide a reorganization of the relationship established between religion and politics in Brazilian contemporaneity.

La interface entre desarrollo religioso y espacio político en la sociedad, que ya posee un largo antecedente de relaciones, vienen ganando destaque en sus manifestaciones en la coyuntura contemporánea. En este artigo, buscaremos investigar, por intermedio de la investigación teórica, como nuevas formas de comprometimiento religioso, en sus configuraciones seculares, pueden tener derivado nuevos caminos en la relación entre religión y política. Por lo tanto, en un primer momento, dedicaremos en exponer formulaciones freudianas en respeto de las motivaciones que llevan el sujeto al encuentro de la religión. También, presentaremos reformulaciones presentes en la obra de Lacan a respeto del tema, así como contribuciones de otros pensadores, buscando foco en puntos donde autores analizan intersecciones entre religión y discurso político. Posteriormente, retomaremos algunas consideraciones históricas sobre la relación entre religión y política brasileña, encaminando la discusión para la forma como esta cuestión se sitúa en la contemporaneidad. Por fin, propondremos un análisis, articulada a los conceptos psicoanalíticos, del papel de la secularización en la coyuntura expuesta, tomando como ejemplo paradigmático la teología de la prosperidad. Así, visamos mostrar como ciertos paradigmas de la secularización posiblemente reorganizaron puntos rectores de relaciones establecidas entre religión y política en el momento contemporáneo brasileño.

Winnicott and Ricoeur: dialogues between concern for the other and ethical intentionality / Winnicott e Ricoeur: diálogos entre a preocupação pelo outro e a intencionalidade ética / Winnicott y Ricoeur: diálogos entre la preocupación por el otro y la intencionalidad ética

ABSTRACT: In this work, we intend to make an articulation between the notion of "concern for the other" and "ethical intent" in P. Ricoeur with those of the development of subjectivity in Winnicott and its relationship with the environment. Through this crossing it can be established that both the maturation processes and the analyst's place find their foundation in P. Ricoeur's theory, not only metapsychological, but also ethical.

Resumo: Este artigo pretende realizar uma articulação entre a noção de "preocupação pelo outro" e "intencionalidade ética" em P. Ricoeur e a de desenvolvimento da subjetividade em Winnicott e sua relação com o meio ambiente. Através desta interseção, é possivel estabelecer que tanto os processos de amadurecimento assim como o lugar do analista encontram sua fundamentação na teoria de P. Ricoeur, não apenas metapsicológico, mas também ético.

Resumen: En este trabajo se pretende realizar una articulación entre la noción de "preocupación por el otro" e "intencionalidad ética" en P. Ricoeur con las del desarrollo de la subjetividad en Winnicott y su relación con el medioambiente. Mediante este cruce se puede establecer que tanto los procesos de maduración como el lugar del analista encuentran su fundamentación en la teoría de P. Ricoeur, ya no sólo metapsicológico, sino ético.

A terceira tópica. Onde está o inconsciente? / The third topic. Where is the unconscious? / El tercer topico. Donde esta el inconsciente?

Esse artigo se propõe a apresentar as ideias de Brusset (2006) sobre a terceira tópica no campo da psicanálise. Essas ideias foram formalmente apresentadas no 66º Congresso de Psicanálise de Língua Francesa (Lisboa, 2006) e gerou o Relatório Brusset. Em seguida, apresentarei a proposta de Kaës (2015) sobre a necessidade da ampliação de conceitos epistemológicos, como o Inconsciente e a sua "politopia". Ideia essa regatada de Pichon-Rivière em 1965. Kaës esclarece que se faz necessária não apenas uma terceira tópica, mas sim uma metapsicologia do terceiro tipo que nos permita trabalhar em outros espaços da realidade psíquica inconsciente com sua complexidade de interferências mútuas. Os psicanalistas têm utilizado outros dispositivos de prática clínica como grupos, casais e famílias. Esses novos dispositivos nos permitem acessar o inconsciente de outra maneira e em outros lugares.

This paper aims to present Brusset's (2006) ideas on the third topic in the field of psychoanalysis. These ideas were formally presented at the 66th French Language Psychoanalysis Congress (Lisbon, 2006) and generated the Brusset's Papers. Next, I will present Kaës's (2015) proposal on the need for the expansion of epistemological concepts such as the unconscious and its "polytopia". This idea was rescued from Pichon-Rivière in 1965. Kaës clarifies that it is necessary not only a third topic, but a metapsychology of the third kind that allows us to work in other spaces of unconscious psychic reality with its complexity of mutual interference. Psychoanalysts have used other devices of clinical practice such as groups, couples and families. These new devices allow us to access the unconscious in another way and elsewhere.

Ese artículo si propone a presentar las ideas de Brusse (2006), a respecto de la tercera tópica en el campo de la Psicoanálisis. Esas ideas han sido formalmente presentadas en el 66º Congreso de Psicoanálisis de la Lengua Francesa (Lisboa 2006) y ha generado el Relatorio Brusset. Luego hare la presentación de la propuesta de Kaës (2015) que trata de la necesidad de ampliación de los conceptos epistemológicos tales como el Inconsciente y su "politopia". Idea esa rescatada de Pichon-Rivière en 1965. Kaës ha aclarado que si hace necesaria no solamente una tercera tópica si no, una metapsicología del tercero tipo que nos permita trabajar en otros espacios de la realidad psíquica inconsciente con su complejidad de interferencias mutuales. Los psicoanalistas están utilizando diferentes dispositivos de práctica clínica como: grupos, parejas y familias. Eses nuevos dispositivos nos permiten tener acceso al inconsciente de una manera distinta y en diferentes ubicaciones.

O conceito de inconsciente na obra de Freud / Le concept d'inconscient dans l'œuvre de Freud / The concept of the unconscious in Freud's work

O artigo busca traçar a evolução conceitual do inconsciente na obra freudiana. Parte do estudo de textos escritos em três momentos da produção freudiana: período pré-psicanalítico, primeira tópica e segunda tópica. Tomou como referências básicas os seguintes textos: Sobre a concepção das Afasias: um estudo crítico (Freud,1891/2016), Carta à Fliess 112 [52] (Freud, 1896/2017), A interpretações dos sonhos (Freud, 1900/2019), Algumas observações sobre o conceito de inconsciente na psicanálise (Freud,1912/2010b); O inconsciente (Freud,1915/2010d); Além do princípio do prazer (Freud, 1920/2020) e O Eu e o Id (Freud, 1923/2011). Em textos anteriores ao nascimento da psicanálise (1900), Freud buscava uma formulação para o aparelho psíquico. Nesse momento, pensava-o como um aparelho de linguagem e de memória. A partir de 1900, Freud sistematiza o aparelho psíquico e o inconsciente passa a ser concebido, principalmente, como um sistema. Em 1915, em sua metapsicologia, destacam-se as três principais coordenadas para se pensar o inconsciente, correspondentes aos pontos de vista econômico, dinâmico e sistemático. Após 1920, ocorrem importantes mudanças na teoria psicanalítica, cujas consequências incidem sobre o conceito de inconsciente, ao se introduzir o conceito de pulsão de morte.

Cet article cherche à tracer l'évolution conceptuelle de l'inconscient dans l'œuvre freudienne. Elle est partie de l'étude de textes écrits à trois moments de la production freudienne : période pré-psychanalytique, premièrer topique et deuxième topique. Les textes suivants ont été pris comme références de base : Sur la conception des Aphasies : une étude critique. (Freud, 1891/2016); Lettre à Fliess 112 [52] (Freud, 1896/2017), L'interprétation des rêves (Freud, 1900/2019), Quelques observations sur le concept d'inconscient en psychanalyse (1912/2010b) ; L'inconscient (Freud, 1915/2010d) ; Au-delà du principe de plaisir (Freud, 1920/2020) et Le moi et le ça (Freud, 1923/2011). On a observé que dans les textes antérieurs à la naissance de la psychanalyse, vers 1900, Freud cherchait une formulation de l'appareil psychique. À ce moment-là, j'y ai pensé comme un dispositif de langage et de mémoire. A partir de 1900, Freud systématise l'appareil psychique et l'inconscient commence à être conçu, principalement, comme un système. En 1915, dans sa métapsychologie, ressortent les trois principales coordonnées pour penser l'inconscient, correspondant aux points de vue économique, dynamique et systématique. Après 1920, il y a eu des changements importants dans la théorie psychanalytique, dont les conséquences affectent le concept d'inconscient, lorsque le concept de pulsion de morta été introduit.

This article seeks to trace the conceptual evolution of the "Unconscious" in Freud's work. It started from the study of texts written in three moments of Freudian production: pre psychoanalytic period, first topic and second topic. The following texts were taken as basic references:On the conception of Aphasias: a critical study (Freud, 1891/2016); Letter to Fliess 112 [52] (Freud, 1896/2017), The interpretations of dreams (Freud, 1900/2019),Some observations on the concept of the unconscious in psychoanalysis (Freud, 1912/2010b); The unconscious (Freud, 1915/2010d); Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Freud,1920/2020) and The Ego and the Id (Freud, 1923/2011). It was observed that in texts prior to the birth of psychoanalysis, 1900, Freud sought a formulation for the psychic apparatus. At that moment, he thought of it as a language and memory device. From 1900 onwards, Freud systematized the psychic apparatus. From then on, the unconscious is mainly conceived as a system. In 1915, in his metapsychology, the three main coordinates for thinking about the unconscious stand out, corresponding to economic, dynamic and systematic points of view. After 1920, there were important changes in psychoanalytic theory, whose consequences affect the concept of the unconscious, when the concept of the death drive was introduced.

How does reading (dis)locate space? Reading "The Call of the Woods" ("La voix du bois") by Pierre Bergounioux.

On the threshold between loss and its representation: masochism as a defence against the risk of depression. This article explores defensive modes of masochism based through the case study of Sarah, a 25-year-old patient who is regularly followed in psychoanalytical therapy. I will postulate the idea that fetishization of moral masochism should be seen from the perspective of melancholic processes. Drawing on several moments of her therapy, I will illustrate how the primitive idealization of the introjected and denigrated object in the melancholic process lays the conditions for a decisive moral masochism, and whose unconscious idealization defends against depressive breakdown.

Drive theory, redux: a history and reconsideration of the drives.

A large and significant portion of contemporary psychoanalytic theory has given up on the drives. The shift toward object relations in the 1940s and 50s, the scepticism about metapsychology in the latter half of the twentieth century, and a general confusion about the coherence of Freud's drive theory have all contributed to their slow decline in prominence. There are legitimate criticisms of the drives that deserve attention but the drives themselves require a careful examination before any successful defence of their place in the metapsychology may be mounted. The current paper provides an account of the drives informed by the intellectual history of German and English thought related to the drives and instincts as they came to Freud. This history allows us to clearly distinguish between "drive" (or Trieb) and its conceptual neighbour "instinct" (or Instinkt).

Notas sobre o objeto psicanalítico na obra de Wilfred Bion / Notes on the psychoanalytic object in the work of Wilfred Bion / Notas sobre el objeto psicoanalítico en la obra de Wilfred Bion / Notes sur l'objet psychanalytique dans l'œuvre de Wilfred Bion

Este artigo trata da evolução do conceito de objeto psicanalítico no decorrer da obra de Wilfred R. Bion, trazendo questionamentos clínicos e ilustrações com trechos de sua autobiografia e uma vinheta clínica.

This article deals with the evolution of the concept of Psychoanalytic Object during the work of Wilfred R Bion bringing clinical questions and illustrations with excerpts from his autobiography and a clinical vignette.

Este artículo trata sobre la evolución del concepto de Objeto Psicoanalítico durante el trabajo de Wilfred R Bion trayendo preguntas clínicas e ilustraciones con extractos de su autobiografía y una viñeta clínica.

Cet article traite de l'évolution du concept d'objet psychanalytique au cours des travaux de Wilfred R Bion apportant des questions cliniques et des illustrations avec des extraits de son autobiographie et d'une vignette clinique.

A temporalidade da metapsicologia freudiana: algumas contribuições sobre a transmissão / On the temporality of Freud's metapsychology: some thoughts about transmission / La temporalité de la métapsychologie freudienne: quelques contributions sur la transmission / La temporalidad de la metapsicología freudiana: algunas contribuciones sobre la transmisión

O artigo parte da hipótese de que a pulsão estabelece relações fundamentais com a transmissão. O estudo desta relação pode trazer contribuições para o avanço da psicanálise no que a mesma aposta numa dimensão historicizante do advento do sujeito. Assim, articulamos noções fundamentais para a psicanálise, como as de mito, ficção e trauma, em sua relação com as condições de surgimento particulares que constituem a metapsicologia. Tais desenvolvimentos visam contribuir para estudos que enfrentam dilemas tão presentes nos debates em torno da história e da memória, culminando em um questionamento da noção de representação. O artigo se situa, então, num campo de problematização em torno da transmissão buscando apreender quais as consequências que noções que são vitais à metapsicologia, como as de inconsciente e pulsão, podem aportar ao debate em torno da história e do tempo.

This article is based on the hypothesis that the concept of drive establishes fundamental relations with transmission. Studying this relation may contribute to the advancement of psychoanalysis as it relies on a historicizing dimension of the subject's advent. Thus, we associate fundamental psychoanalytical concepts, such as myth, fiction and trauma in their relation to the particular conditions of emergence that constitutes metapsychology, aiming to contribute to the studies that face the dilemmas of debates on history and memory, and eventually question the concept of representation. Therefore, this article discusses transmission and seeks to understand which consequences of vital concepts of metapsychology, e.g. the unconscious and the drive, may contribute to the debate on history and time.

Cet article suppose que la pulsion établit des relations fondamentales avec la transmission. L'étude de cette relation peut contribuer à l'avancement de la psychanalyse en ce qu'elle signale une dimension historisante de l'avènement du sujet. Ainsi, nous articulons des notions fondamentales pour la psychanalyse, telles que celles de mythe, de fiction et de traumatisme, dans leur relation avec les conditions d'émergence particulières qui constitue la métapsychologie. Ces développements ont pour but de contribuer aux études qui se heurtent aux dilemmes dans les débats sur l'histoire et la mémoire, aboutissant fondamentalement à une remise en question de la notion de représentation. Donc, l'article se situe dans un champ de problématisation autour de la transmission cherchant à comprendre les conséquences que des notions essentielles à la métapsychologie - telles qu'inconscient et pulsion - peuvent contribuer au débat sur l'historicité et le temps.

El artículo asume que la pulsión establece relaciones fundamentales con la transmisión. El estudio de esa relación puede hacer importantes contribuciones al avance del psicoanálisis en el sentido de que esta apuesta por una dimensión historizante del advenimiento del sujeto. Así, articulamos nociones fundamentales para el psicoanálisis, como las de mito, ficción y trauma, en su relación con las condiciones de emergencia particulares que constituyen la metapsicología. Esos desarrollos tienen como objetivo contribuir a los estudios que enfrentan dilemas tan presentes en debates sobre la historia y la memoria, culminando en un cuestionamiento sobre la noción de representación. Por lo tanto, el artículo se sitúa en un campo de problematización sobre la transmisión y busca comprender cómo las consecuencias y nociones que son vitales para la metapsicología, como las del inconsciente y la pulsión, pueden contribuir al debate sobre la historia y el tiempo.

Solilóquios com um fósforo queimado: notas do cafezinho / Soliloquies with a burnt matchstick: notes from the coffee break / Soliloquios con un partido quemado: notas de café / Soliloques avec une allumette brûlée: notes de café

As intuições originais de Freud se verticalizaram em aprofundamentos teórico-clínicos e se horizontalizaram tornando-se populares. Em ambos os sentidos, o movimento trouxe novos desafios para a comunicação, tanto em sentido alongado, com o grande público, como em sentido lateral, de diálogo entre pares. Apreensões que privilegiam disjunções, e não cesuras entre novos desenvolvimentos epistemológicos e teorias consagradas, podem contribuir para um sentimento de expansão dispersiva do universo de discurso em psicanálise. Por fim, analisa-se o desafio que representa a vulgarização de formulações geniais, passíveis de um processo de kitschização epistemológica, com subtração de seus aspectos subversivos.

Freud's original intuitions became vertical in theoretical-clinical depths and horizontalized becoming popular. In both directions, the movement brought new challenges for communication, both in an elongated sense, with the general public, and in a lateral sense, of dialogue between peers. Apprehensions that privilege disjunctions, and not caesuras between new epistemological developments and established theories can contribute to a feeling of dispersive expansion of the universe of discourse in psychoanalysis. Finally, we analyze the challenge that represents the vulgarization of brilliant formulations, subject to a process of epistemological kitschization and subtraction of its subversive aspects.

Las intuiciones originales de Freud se volvieron verticales en profundidades teórico-clínicas y se horizontalizaron volviéndose populares. En ambas direcciones, el movimiento trajo nuevos retos para la comunicación, tanto en sentido alargado, con el público en general, como en sentido lateral, de diálogo entre pares. Las aprehensiones que privilegian las disyunciones y las no vacilaciones entre los nuevos desarrollos epistemológicos y las teorías establecidas pueden contribuir a un sentimiento de expansión dispersiva del universo del discurso en psicoanálisis. Finalmente, analizamos el desafío que representa la vulgarización de formulaciones brillantes, sometidas a un proceso de kitschización epistemológica y sustracción de sus aspectos subversivos.

Les intuitions originales de Freud sont devenues verticales dans les profondeurs théorico-cliniques et horizontalisées devenant populaires. Dans les deux sens, le mouvement a apporté de nouveaux défis de communication, à la fois dans un sens allongé, avec le grand public, et dans un sens latéral, de dialogue entre pairs. Les appréhensions qui privilégient les disjonctions, et non les césures entre les nouveaux développements épistémologiques et les théories établies peuvent contribuer à un sentiment d'expansion dispersive de l'univers du discours en psychanalyse. Enfin, nous analysons le défi que représente la vulgarisation de formulations brillantes, soumises à un processus de kitschisation épistémologique et de soustraction de ses aspects subversifs.